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It has been suggested that all animals may be able to smell the odours of other species. In this paper, we examine how this possible olfactory ability may be applied to vision. In the wild, odours are mainly perceived by a specific predator (primarily a carnivore) to indicate prey activity. In our experiment the two carnivores used were a fox and a wolf. This combination of predator and prey was used to determine if a predator could perceive its own odour and to determine if a carnivore could detect other carnivores at certain distances. This experiment showed that foxes could not detect other foxes at distances greater than 10 m apart and that wolves could not detect wolves at longer than 200 m apart. Also, in the case of the wolf, there was a strong overlap in the times when he perceived his prey, that being at dusk (which gave the wolf the best time to smell it) and at dawn (which gave him the best time to detect its scent). This means that, although all carnivores can detect wolves at some distances, the best possible method for tracking predators is a highly specific observation of that predator’s scent.
Although this experiment did not investigate whether or not other predators can detect each other, we suggest that any such detection, if it occurred, would need to be specific to certain species or groups of species of carnivores, and it would need to occur with some form of ‘buzz’ (pungent or strong).
It is tempting to think that smell would be particularly useful for detection of prey because of the presence of other carnivores on the prey species’ land, at night, and in various habitats (such as a dense forest, where the animal might be unable to hear other predators). However, as well as a need to detect the smell of prey, it would also need to detect the scent of predators as well as
We”>prey.
We used a ‘set-light trap’, as described by Baucom et al. (1989), in which we dropped 2 litre (30 ml) plastic water drums containing the scent-tag of two foxes and one wolf, onto a test platform. One of the drums was placed at the base of the baited drum, and the ‘set-light trap’ was placed on this drum containing the animal’s scent. We waited until a fox had left the area where we had placed the set-
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